Ring spinning process:
Blowing—carding—drawing—roving—spun yarn—winding
1. Blowroom
1. Tasks of the blowroom (also known as blowroom) machine:
1). Opening: 0.1mg (about 16 fibers) cotton bundles, using angle Nails, saw teeth, blades, steel needles, etc.;
2), impurity removal: impurity removal rate 40-70%, dust rod;
3), mixing: make even;
4) Rolls or cotton clumps: The cotton rolls or cotton clumps that meet the quantitative and uniform requirements are sent to the next carding machine.
2. Classification of cotton opening and cleaning machinery
(divided according to main functions)
1) Cotton feeding machinery: automatic cotton picking machine, cotton box cotton feeder. The cotton picking machine has opening and mixing functions.
2), cotton blending machinery: cotton box, brad machine parts. Mix repeatedly and feed the cotton evenly.
3) Cotton opening machinery: various thugs to attack and loosen cotton blocks and initially remove impurities (double-axial flow cotton opener, porcupine cotton opener).
4) Cotton cleaning machinery: meticulously loosens and removes impurities, and rolls or sends the cotton clumps to the carding machine by airflow.
3. Internationally renowned cotton opening and cleaning equipment manufacturer:
1), Truetzschler, Germany: BDT019 reciprocating cotton picking machine → MFC dual-axial flow cotton opening machine → MCM multi-bin cotton mixing machine → CXL4 cleaning machine Cotton machine → SCFO foreign fiber detection and separation device.
2) Rieter, Switzerland: A22 reciprocating cotton picking machine → B22 single axial flow cotton opener → B70 multi-bin cotton blending machine → B60 cotton cleaning machine.
3) Crosrol (UK), Marzoli (Italy), and Hollingsworth (USA)
The products of these manufacturers each have their own characteristics and tasks in the cotton cleaning process
2. Carding
1. The tasks of the carding machine:
1). Carding: carding small cotton bundles and small cotton pieces into a single fiber state;
2). Impurity removal: removing small cotton pieces. Small impurities and fibrous seed scraps;
3) Uniform mixing: Mix raw cotton with different components between fibers and make the output product uniform;
4), into sliver: make sliver that meets certain specifications and weight requirements, and place it in a sliver can
2. Carding machine model:
1), DK903 produced by Trutzschler, Germany High-yield carding machine;
2), Card C51 produced by Rieter in Switzerland;
3), Zhengzhou JWF1206 carding machine from Shanxi Jingwei
4), A186F carding machine produced by Qingdao Textile Machinery Co., Ltd.
3. Combing
1. Tasks of the combing process:
1). Exclude short fibers below a certain length from the raw sliver to improve the uniformity of the fibers, which will help reduce the unevenness of the yarn and improve Yarn strength.
2), remove impurities and neps between fibers to improve the finish of the yarn.
3) To further straighten, parallelize and separate the fibers in the raw sliver to facilitate the strength, evenness and luster of the yarn.
4), make combed cotton sliver with uniform sliver. Quality control of combed sliver
2. Quality control of combed sliver:
1) Reduce neps and impurities.
2) Reduce sliver unevenness and short staple rate.
3) Reasonably control the noil rate according to different fiber varieties.
4) Check and master the cylinder positioning.
5) Ensure the normal operation of carding components.
6) Make sure the brush cleans the cylinder.
7) Master the airflow impurity removal and dust collection effects.
3. Better combing machine manufacturer: Swiss Rieter E66/E76 combing machine
4. Drawing
1. The main tasks of the drawing process are:
1) Merging: combine 6-8 cotton slivers and feed them into the drawing frame to make one sliver. The thick and thin sections of the cotton sliver have the opportunity to overlap each other, thereby improving the unevenness of the long section of the sliver. The weight unevenness of raw strips is about 4.0%, and the weight unevenness of cooked strips should be reduced to less than 1% after merging.
2) Drafting: that is, the sliver is elongated and thinned to the original level. At the same time, the fiber condition is improved through drafting, so that the hooked and curled fibers can be further straightened and parallel, and the small cotton bundles can be further separated into single fibers. . By changing the draft ratio, the ration of cooked sliver can be effectively controlled to ensure that the weight deviation and weight unevenness of spun yarn meet national standards.
3) Mixing: Use the method of repeated merging to further achieve the mixing of single fibers to ensure that the mixed cotton content of the sliver is uniform and the yarn quality is stabilized. Since the dyeing properties of various fibers are different, slivers made of different fibers are combined on the draw frame to fully mix the various fibers. This ensures that the number of fibers on the cross section of the yarn is more evenly mixed and prevents the dyeing after dyeing. An effective means to produce color difference, especially when blending chemical fiber with cotton.
4). Sliver forming: place the sliver produced by the draw frame in regular circles in the sliver can for easy transportation and storage for use in the next process
2. Better draw frame manufacturer : Swiss Rieter RSB-D401 autoleveller draw frame, German Truetzschler TD-02 draw frame, TD 8 new generation Truetzschler draw frame.
5. Roving
1. Tasks of the roving process:
1). Drafting: lengthening and thinning the cotton sliver into roving
2). Twisting: adding a certain twist to the yarn. Increase yarn strength to avoid accidental elongation during winding and unwinding, and prepare for spinning yarn drafting.
3) Winding: The twisted roving is wound on the bobbin, and the bobbin of a certain shape and size is specially made for storage, transportation and adaptability to feeding on the spinning machine.
2. Roving frame manufacturer: Swiss Rieter roving frame F15/ F 35
6. Spinning yarn
1. The tasks of the spinning process:
The spinning process is the last process in spinning production. It is to spin the roving into a spun yarn with a certain number of special numbers, in line with quality standards or customer requirements, for twisting , weaving or knitting, etc., the spinning process mainly completes the following tasks:
1) Drafting: the fed roving or sliver is evenly stretched and thinned to the special number required by the spinning.
2) Twisting: Add appropriate twist to the drafted slivers so that the yarn has certain physical and mechanical properties such as strength, elasticity, gloss and feel.
3) Winding and forming: The spun yarn is wound on the bobbin according to certain forming requirements to facilitate transportation, storage and subsequent processing.
2. Better spinning machine manufacturers: Rieter of Switzerland and Toyota of Japan
7. Winding
1. The tasks of the winding process:
1) Make the raw yarn (or filament) into a bobbin with a capacity loop, and provide it to the warping, weft rolling, knitting, and shuttleless looms. Processes such as weft supply or bleaching and dyeing. In terms of bobbin capacity, a large package of bobbin can only accommodate about 2,500m of 29.2tex (20-inch) medium-special cotton yarn. If the bobbin yarn is directly used in processes such as warping or weft supply on the loom, the downtime will be too long due to frequent bobbin changes, which does not meet the technological requirements and is not conducive to improving production efficiency. The package capacity of the package has been greatly increased. Generally, the winding length of a package of medium and special yarns can reach about 100,000 meters.
2), remove certain defects on the yarn, improve yarn quality. The raw yarn shipped from the spinning mill generally has many appearance defects. When passing through the yarn clearing device on the winding machine, the fluff, dust, weak yarns, thick knots and other impurity defects on it can be removed. In this way, it can It improves the appearance quality of fabrics and increases their average strength by eliminating weak links on the yarns, thereby reducing yarn breakage in subsequent processes.
Among them, the better automatic winders are Murata from Japan, Savio from Italy, and Schlafhorst from Germany.
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