Overview of the development of softeners
As a conventional finishing aid for fabrics, softeners have been used for half of the time For more than a century, it has developed very rapidly. It has evolved from the early surfactantsSofteners have developed into polymer softeners, from polymer polyethylene wax to silicone polymers, from polydimethylsiloxane emulsions to hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxane emulsions, hydrophilic Silicone softener, amino polysiloxane emulsion, amino polysiloxane microemulsion, low yellowing amino modified silicone softener, hydrophilic amino silicone softener and super smooth amino modified polysiloxane, etc. .
Softener classification
Softening finishing agents are divided into cationic, nonionic, anionic and amphoteric according to their ionic properties. Four types of quaternary ammonium salts
Cationic softeners are a widely used type. They can be divided into quaternary ammonium salt type, fatty acid ester type, right wax type, polyethylene type, silicone resin type, etc. Among them, quaternary ammonium salt type softens Agents account for a large proportion of cationic softeners, mainly including monoalkyl quaternary ammonium salts, dialkyl quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl acyl quaternary ammonium salts. Salt, pyridine quaternary ammonium salt type and imidazole type softeners, etc. Among the currently used quaternary ammonium salt type softeners, monoalkyl quaternary ammonium salts have been gradually eliminated due to high toxicity and poor biodegradability; dialkyl quaternary ammonium salts and Although the toxicity of alkyl acyl quaternary ammonium salts is lower than that of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium salts, their biodegradability is very poor, they will kill biological bacteria and are easily absorbed by sludge during sewage treatment. Harvesting polluted farmland, so its use was stopped in Germany, the Netherlands and other countries in the early 1990s. The EU explicitly banned the use of bis[hydrogenated tallow alkyl]dimethyl in the Eco-Label issued on May 15, 2002. ammonium chloride, bis[stearoyl]dimethylammonium chloride and bis[tallow alkyl]dimethylammonium chloride and their Preparations or formulas composed of them; as for cationic softeners such as imidazole type (such as softener IS) and pyridine quaternary ammonium salt type (such as VelanPF), the BOD is small and it is difficult to process and degrade using traditional biochemical methods. Although it is not currently banned, But their use is also problematic according to ecological requirements
Softener raw material classification
1. Silicone: This type of softener has a better smoothing effect. The biggest disadvantage is that it is expensive and the cost is high. It is difficult to use It is easy to cause oil drift in time and is not suitable for long-term development in the increasingly competitive modern industry;
2. Film type: This type is mainly based on fatty acid salts and is more convenient to use. However, this type of softener film requires a large amount and the cost is correspondingly high. It is not suitable for reducing comprehensive costs and increasing industrial profits. ;
3.D1821: It is also dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride. The biggest disadvantage of this kind of softener is that it has poor biodegradability and yellow color. becomes serious; with the improvement of public awareness and the requirements of environmental protection quality, such products cannot meet the needs of social development;
4. Esterquat: This type of softener has softness properties Stable, small dosage, outstanding biodegradability, and multiple functions such as anti-yellowing and sterilization, it can be said that this type of softener product will be a leading trend in the softener industry in the future.
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