From the original coarse linen to today’s high-tech fabrics, today, there are endless textile fabrics. For a certain piece of textile, how do we know what kind of fabric it i…
From the original coarse linen to today’s high-tech fabrics, today, there are endless textile fabrics.
For a certain piece of textile, how do we know what kind of fabric it is and what kind of fiber it is made of?
For most textile fibers, the following two or three are used The type of fiber can be distinguished by using these common methods.
Visual inspection method of hand feel
This is a simple and convenient identification method. Judge the fiber’s shape, luster, strength, etc. by seeing, touching, and hearing. For example, hemp fiber feels thick and hard, wool fiber is curly and elastic, silk is filament with special luster and “silky sound”, spandex is extremely elastic, etc. Of course, this method has poor accuracy, and the inspector needs to have rich inspection experience.
Depending on the chemical composition of the fiber, the combustion characteristics are also different. Judgment can be made by observing the combustion characteristics, odor and residue of the textile fiber when it is close to the flame, in the flame and when leaving the flame. According to this method, the textile fiber can be roughly classified Fibers are divided into three categories: cellulosic fibers, protein fibers and synthetic fibers. For example, cellulosic fibers such as cotton, linen, viscose, modal, lyocell, and cupro fibers do not melt or shrink when approached to flames, and they burn. sometimes The smell of burning paper; protein fibers such as wool, mulberry silk, and tussah silk have the smell of burning hair when burning; polyester burns with black smoke and has a sweet smell; acrylic fiber has a spicy smell when burning; nylon has an amino smell when burning; and vinegar There is an obvious smell of acetic acid when the fiber is burned. This method is suitable for single-component fibers, yarns and fabrics, and can be used as an auxiliary judgment method for blended products.
This is a widely used method to identify fibers based on their longitudinal and transverse morphological characteristics. For example, cotton has natural twists, linen has horizontal knots and vertical lines, wool has scales, and rabbit hair has Single or multi-row hairs, silk has special luster, viscose has clear vertical stripes, modal has longitudinal grooves, lyocell The longitudinal direction is smooth and uniform, the polyester surface is smooth, some have small black spots, the acrylic surface has grooves or stripes, etc. This method is not only suitable for pure textile products, but also for blended and interwoven products, based on the typical characteristics of various fibers. Characteristics, distinguish them accurately
Because the chemical composition of fibers is different, the solubility properties of the same chemical solvent are different. For those fibers that are difficult to distinguish, you may wish to use this method to judge. For example, for fibers that are difficult to distinguish For polyester and nylon, a drop of hydrochloric acid will do; for acrylic and polyester, a drop of nitric acid will do.
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