Carbon fiber is an indispensable strategic new material in the national economy and national defense construction. Due to its excellent performance, it is widely used in aerospace, sports and leisure, construction, transportation, petroleum and other fields. After more than ten years of introduction, digestion and independent research and development, my country’s carbon fiber industry has grown from scratch and achieved the “three primary”, showing three characteristics: continuous acceleration of supporting facilities, initial construction of industry-university-research system, and application being launched. Future development contains huge opportunities. .
Carbon fiber industrial production “from scratch”
Carbon fiber is an inorganic fiber material with a carbon content of more than 90%, which is made from chemical materials such as polyacrylonitrile and asphalt as precursors through pre-oxidation, carbonization and other processes. Due to its light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and other carbon material properties, as well as the soft processability of fiber materials, carbon fiber is widely used in aerospace, industrial applications and sports and leisure. field, it is one of the new materials that has developed rapidly in countries around the world in recent years.
Materials are the foundation and premise of equipment. There is a saying in the industry that “one generation of materials equals one generation of equipment.” The research and development of carbon fiber in my country began in the early 1960s. However, due to many reasons such as institutional mechanisms, basic science, engineering technology, and industrial equipment, it has always stayed at the level of low-performance carbon fiber. The key technologies for the industrialization of high-performance carbon fiber have not been able to Achieve effective breakthroughs.
Since 2000, my country has attached great importance to the development of carbon fiber. The key carbon fiber technology project was included in the national high-tech research and development plan (“863” plan) during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, and the “Basic Scientific Issues of High-Performance Polyacrylonitrile Carbon Fiber” was included in the national “973” plan during the 11th Five-Year Plan. The 12th Five-Year Plan for Strategic Emerging Industries lists carbon fiber as one of its focuses. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments have also increased their support for the industrialization of carbon fiber.
Xu Lianghua, a researcher at the National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, believes that with the support of national policies, my country’s carbon fiber industry has grown from scratch, and its industrial scale and technical level have developed greatly.
Industrial progress realizes the “three primary steps”
Zhao Xiangdong, vice president of the China Chemical Fiber Industry Association, said that the progress of my country’s carbon fiber industry in recent years can be summarized as “three initial stages”: first, it has begun to take shape, second, it has initially reached a higher level, and third, it has initially met the needs of national economic and social development.
Taking shape means that the large-scale industrial production of domestic carbon fiber has become a reality. According to experts, at present, my country’s key technologies for the entire process of industrial production of T300 carbon fiber have basically achieved domestic breakthroughs, forming a complete set of carbon fiber industrialization technologies with high independent intellectual property rights and reaching a thousand-ton industrial scale. Production capacity and products have partially replaced imports.
The initial level means that my country has made breakthroughs in the research and development and industrial production of more advanced high-performance carbon fibers. At present, my country’s T700 carbon fiber has completed the construction process of pilot lines and 100-ton lines in some regions and enterprises, initially achieved industrialization, and is carrying out high-level industrial production construction. T800 grade carbon fiber has made breakthroughs in key preparation technologies and is ready to enter the engineering stage. In addition, M50J high-modulus carbon fiber has also made breakthroughs in key technologies developed.
Domestic carbon fiber can initially meet needs. Whether the research and development of high-end carbon fiber products and their composite materials meet the needs of the development of national defense science and technology industry and whether the level of independent national defense support in my country can be continuously improved is an important indicator of the development level of the carbon fiber industry. Our country uses nearly 10,000 tons of carbon fiber every year, of which about 2,000 tons are made in China, which have been successfully used in high-end equipment such as launch vehicles, satellites, and large aircraft.
As the carbon fiber industry enters a period of rapid development, my country has cultivated leading carbon fiber companies such as Jiangsu Hengshen, Zhongfu Shenying, and Weihai Development, forming an industrial cluster effect. Up to now, there are more than 30 carbon fiber manufacturers in China, with a production line scale of about 20,000 tons.
Xu Jian, an expert on the “863” Program Expert Committee and an expert on the Strategic Emerging Industries Development Expert Advisory Committee, said that my country already has relevant high-performance carbon fibers, but it has not solved comprehensive and parallel problems in terms of process, technology, equipment, etc., and the real gap is still there. That’s more than ten years.
The development of domestic carbon fiber industry presents three major characteristics
The survey found that after more than ten years of development, the domestic carbon fiber industry also shows three characteristics: continuous accelerating supporting facilities, preliminary construction of industry-university-research system, and initial application.
First, supporting facilities are accelerating. The reporter visited many companies and learned that the carbon fiber industry covers the entire industrial chain of materials and applications. The independent manufacturing level of my country’s large-scale key carbon fiber equipment is improving, and most companies use domestic equipment in almost the entire production chain.
Xu Jian said that after long-term independent research and development, my country’s carbon fiber industry has broken the long-term technological blockade and market monopoly of carbon fiber manufacturers in the United States, Japan and other countries, and has basically solved the problems of process control, independent innovation of key equipment, and production system integration. �In order to solve the problem of globalization, we have initially accumulated the engineering experience required for the construction of domestic carbon fiber 1,000-ton industrial production lines. The technological innovation capabilities of the carbon fiber industry have been greatly improved, shortening the gap with foreign countries, and initially laying the foundation for competition with foreign countries. .
The second is the preliminary construction of the industry-university-research system. After years of construction, our country has built several high-level technology research and development and engineering and industrialization research platforms in universities, scientific research institutes and enterprises.
my country has gradually formed a domestic fiber R&D, production and application system driven by carbon fiber application units such as aviation and aerospace, with universities and the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the main body of high-performance fiber R&D, and large-scale state-owned enterprises and private enterprises as the industrialization base. This has laid a good foundation for the next step to establish an independent innovation system with enterprises as the core and integrating industry, academia and research.
Third, the application is starting. The rapid development of advanced composite materials in many fields is a worldwide trend. According to statistics, in 2012, the global carbon fiber production capacity was approximately 105,000 tons, and the total output was approximately 74,000 tons, both 1.5 times that of 2008, showing continuous expansion and expansion. energy situation.
In the development process of the carbon fiber industry in the past ten years, my country has gradually formed a development idea focused on industrial use. Its application in industrial fields such as building reinforcement, ships, high-voltage transmission cables, and mechanical accessories is gradually unfolding, realizing Technology accumulation provides support for the sustainable development of the industry.
Experts believe that my country’s domestic consumption of carbon fiber is in the early stages of development, and domestic carbon fiber consumption only accounts for 25% of the world’s total. With the scale of domestic carbon fiber production and the continuous reduction of costs, my country’s large aircraft projects, international aviation industry outsourcing business, as well as the application of construction engineering reinforcement and repair, automobile weight reduction and optimization, marine industrial equipment manufacturing and other industries contain huge development opportunity.
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