Moisture wicking (quick drying) principle
Moisture-absorbing and sweat-wicking fibers mainly use special-shaped fiber cross-sections (Y-shaped, cross-shaped, H-shaped, etc.) to form grooves on the fiber surface. With the help of the wicking and moisture-conducting structure of the grooves, they quickly absorb moisture and sweat from the surface of the skin, and instantly After being expelled from the body, the fibers on the cloth surface diffuse the sweat and quickly evaporate it, thereby achieving the purpose of moisture absorption, sweating, regulating body temperature, and keeping the skin dry and cool.
The structure of yarns and fabrics has a great influence on the functionality of moisture-wicking and quick-drying products. Moisture-wicking (quick-drying) textiles, in addition to the structural properties of the moisture-wicking (quick-drying) fiber itself, its aggregate state will undoubtedly have a greater impact on its macroscopic effects. In order to adapt to the clothing requirements of different environments, uses and styles, the texture, style, appearance, thickness and structural tightness of fabrics have changed greatly, so that the organizational structure of the fabric and even the yarn structure are also very different. Moreover, these are crucial for moisture-wicking (quick-drying) performance.
The effect of yarn twist on functionality
The amount of twist has a direct impact on the wicking effect of the yarn. If the yarn is too tight or too loose, the wicking rate will decrease.
It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that due to the difference in twisting principles and fiber assembly arrangements between filament and staple fiber yarns, when wicking yarn, 16.5tex/34f filament is better with 30 twist/10cm, while 28tex short The fiber yarn is preferably 40 twist/10cm. Similarly, the moisture absorption and perspiration properties of different yarns will also vary, but the general pattern is the same.
The impact of fabric structure on functionality
a. For knitted fabrics, single-knitted fabrics have better moisture permeability than double-knitted fabrics because single-knitted fabrics are lighter and thinner than double-knitted fabrics;
The moisture permeability of a fabric with a double-yarn structure consisting of moisture-absorbing fibers on the outside and moisture-conducting fibers on the inside is better than a fabric made of a single moisture-conducting fiber, because the hygroscopicity of the outer layer of fibers enhances the moisture conductivity of the inner layer of fibers;
b. For woven fabrics, under the premise that the warp tightness remains unchanged, the moisture conductivity cannot be exerted well if the weft tightness is too large (such as greater than 55%) or too small (such as less than 30%). This is due to the change in weft tightness, which also causes changes in the number of fibers per unit area and the degree of buckling. When water is transferred in a fabric, it requires both more capillary transmission power (adsorption force) between fibers and less buckling to reduce the transfer resistance. Only when the two are in a reasonable balance can the fabric achieve the best transfer effect;
When the raw material and fabric tightness are the same, the moisture conductivity of different tissues (that is, different interweaving frequencies) is also different. Within the test range, there is a quadratic functional relationship with the capillary height and diffusion diameter in the warp and weft directions. When the interweaving frequency is between 0.2 and 0.4 (i.e. five satin weaves, 1/4 twill, 1/3 twill, 2/2 twill, etc.), the capillary effect and diffusion in the warp and weft directions are better, but plain weave (interweave frequency 0.5), 8-16 satin weave (interweaving frequency 0.13-0.06), its capillary effect and diffusivity are not ideal, it can be seen that the interweaving frequency of the tissue is too large or too small, which is not conducive to the moisture absorption and perspiration function.
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