Fabric Appearance Quality Inspection Standard-American Standard Four-Point System - China Garment Website_China's popular garment and fashion information platform

The most common inspection method for cloth is the “four-point scoring method”. On this “four-point scale,” a high score of four points is given to any single flaw. No matter how many defects there are in the fabric, the defect score for each linear yard (Linear yard) must not exceed four points.

1. Scoring criteria

1. Defects in longitude, latitude and other directions will be evaluated according to the following standards:

One point: The length of the defect is 3 inches or less

Two points: The length of the defect is greater than 3 inches and less than 6 inches

Three points: The length of the defect is greater than 6 inches and less than 9 inches

Four points: The length of the defect is greater than 9 inches

2. Defect scoring principles:

A. Deductions for all warp and weft defects in the same code shall not exceed 4 points.

B. For serious defects, each yard of defect will be rated four points. For example: regardless of diameter, all holes and holes will be rated four points.

C. For continuous defects, such as: rungs, edge-to-edge color difference, narrow seal or irregular cloth width, creases, uneven dyeing, etc., each yard of defects should be rated as four points.

D. No points will be deducted within 1″ of the selvedge

E. Regardless of the warp or weft direction, no matter what the defect is, the principle is to make it visible, and correct deductions will be given based on the defect score.

F. Except for special regulations (such as coating with tape), usually only the front side of the gray fabric is required to be inspected.

2. Inspection

1. Sampling procedure:

1), AATCC inspection and sampling standards:

A. Sampling quantity: the square root of the total number of yards multiplied by eight.

B. Number of boxes for random inspection: the square root of the total number of boxes.

2) Sampling requirements:

The selection of papers to be inspected is completely random.

Textile mills are required to present cargo packing slips to inspectors when at least 80% of the rolls in a batch of cloth have been packed. The inspector will select the rolls to be inspected.

Once the inspector selects the rolls to be inspected, no adjustments may be made to the number of rolls to be inspected or the number of rolls that have been selected for inspection. During inspection, no yardage of fabric shall be taken from any roll except to record and verify color.

All rolls of fabric inspected are graded and defect scores are assessed.

2. Inspection score

1) Calculation of scores

In principle, after each roll of cloth has been inspected, the scores obtained can be added up. Then the grade is evaluated according to the acceptance level. However, since different cloth envelopes require different acceptance levels, if the following formula is used to calculate the score of each roll of cloth per 100 square yards, it only needs to be formulated at 100 square yards. By specifying the score below, you can grade different pieces of cloth.

A = (total score x 3600) / (number of inspected yards x width of fabric that can be cut) = score per 100 square yards

2) Acceptance levels of different fabric types

Different types of cloth are divided into the following four categories

Type	Types of cloth	Single paper scoring	Criticism
Woven fabrics
All artificial fabric, polyester/ Nylon/acetate products	Shirt clothing, woven man-made fiber fabrics, Worsted wool	20	16
Denim Canvas	Poplin/Oxford striped or checked cotton shirting materials, woven man-made fiber fabrics, woolen fabrics, striped or plaid patterned fabrics/dyed indigo yarn, all special fabrics, jacquard fabrics/dobby corduroy/velvet/stretch denim /Artificial Fabrics/Blended	28	20
Linen, thin muslin	Linen, thin muslin	40	32
Doppioni Silk/Light Silk	Doppioni Silk/Light Silk	50	40
Knitted fabrics
All artificial cloth, polyester/ Nylon/acetate products	Rayon, worsted wool, blended silk	20	16
Fully professional cloth	Jacquard fabric/dobby corduroy, woven man-made fiber fabric, woolen fabrics, dyed indigo yarn, velvet/��Pandex	25	20
Basic knitted fabric	Combed cotton/blend cotton	30	25
Basic knitted fabric	Cotton cloth carded by carding machine	40	32

A single roll of cloth exceeding the specified score shall be classified as second-class.

If the average score for the entire lot exceeds the specified score level, the lot shall be deemed to have failed inspection.

3. Inspection score: other considerations for evaluating cloth grade

Repeated flaws:

1) Any repeated or recurring defects will constitute repeated defects. Repeated defects in each yard of cloth must be penalized with four points.

2). Regardless of the defect scoreAny roll containing more than ten yards of cloth containing repeated defects shall be deemed unqualified.

Full width defects:

3). Rolls containing more than four full-width defects per 100y2 shall not be rated as first-class products.

4). Rolls containing more than one major defect per 10 linear yards will be deemed unqualified, no matter how many defects are contained in 100y.

5). Rolls containing a major defect within 3y of the cloth end or cloth tail should be assessed as unqualified. Major defects will be considered as three or four point defects.

6) If the cloth has obvious loose or tight threads on one selvedge, or ripples, wrinkles, creases or creases appear on the main body of the cloth, these conditions will cause the cloth to be uneven when unfolded in the usual way. Such volumes cannot be rated as first-class.

Width of cloth:

7) When inspecting a roll of cloth, check its width at least three times at the beginning, middle and end. If the width of a roll of cloth is close to the specified minimum width or the width of the cloth is uneven, then the number of inspections of the width of the roll must be increased.

8) If the roll width is less than the specified minimum purchase width, the roll will be deemed unqualified.

9). For woven fabrics, if the width is 1 inch wider than the specified purchase width, the roll will be deemed unqualified. However, for elastic woven fabrics, even if they are 2 inches wider than the specified width, they can still be qualified. For knitted fabrics, if the width is 2 inches wider than the specified purchase width, the roll will be deemed unqualified. However, for stretch knitted fabrics, even if it is 3 inches wider than the specified width, it can still be determined as qualified.

10). The overall width of the cloth refers to the distance from the outer selvedge at one end to the outer selvage at the other end.

The width of a piece of fabric that can be cut is the width measured excluding the selvedge and/or stitching machine pinholes, and the undyed, uncoated or otherwise untreated surface portion of the main body of the fabric.

Color difference evaluation:

11) The color difference between rolls and rolls and batches shall not be lower than level four in the AATCC gray scale.

12). During the cloth inspection process, a 6 to 10-inch wide color difference cloth board is taken from each roll. The inspector will use these cloth skins to compare the color difference within the same roll or the color difference between different rolls.

13). The color difference from edge to edge, edge to middle or cloth end to cloth tail within the same roll shall not be lower than level four in the AATCC gray scale. Fabric showing such chromatic defects will be rated four points per yard for the roll being inspected.

14). If the fabric under inspection does not match the approved sample provided in advance, the color difference must be lower than level 4-5 in the gray scale, otherwise the batch of goods will be deemed unqualified.

Roll length:

15) If the actual length of a single roll deviates by more than 2% from the length indicated on the label, the roll will be deemed unqualified. Rolls with roll length deviations will no longer be evaluated for defect scores, but must be noted on the inspection report.

16). If the total length of all random inspection samples deviates by 1% or more from the length indicated on the label, the entire batch of goods will be deemed unqualified.

Jointing part:

17) For woven fabrics, the entire roll of cloth can be connected by multiple parts. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase contract, if a roll of cloth contains a joint part with a length of less than 40y, the roll will be designated as unqualified.

For knitted fabrics, the entire roll may be made up of multiple sections joined together. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase contract, a roll will be deemed unacceptable if it contains a joined section weighing less than 30 pounds. .

Bow weft:

18) For woven and knitted fabrics, all printed or striped fabrics with more than 2% bowed weft and skew folds; and all rolls of wick fabrics with more than 3% skew cannot be rated as first-class products.

Skew:

19). For woven fabrics, all printed and striped fabrics with a skew greater than 2%, and all rolls of wick fabrics with a skew greater than 3% cannot be rated as first-class products.

For knitted fabrics, all wick fabrics and printed fabrics with a skew greater than 5% cannot be classified as first-class products.

Cloth smell:

21). All rolls that emit a bad smell will fail the inspection.

Hole:

22). Defects that cause damage to the cloth, regardless of the size of the damage, should be rated 4 points. A hole should include two or more broken yarns.

Feel:

23) Test the feel of the cloth by comparing it with the reference sample. If there is an obvious difference, the roll will be classified as second-class, with a score of 4 points per yard. If the feel of all rolls does not reach the level of the reference sample, the inspection will be suspended and the score will not be assessed temporarily.

Density:

24) In the full inspection, two less inspections are allowed, ±5% is allowed, otherwise it will be deemed unqualified (although the 4-point standard does not apply, it must be recorded).

Gram weight:

25) During the full inspection process, two less inspections (with temperature and humidity requirements) are allowed, and the tolerance is ±5%, otherwise it will be rated as unqualified (although it does not apply to the four-point standard, it must be recorded).

Roll, packaging requirements:

1), no special requirements, about 100 yards in length and no more than 150 pounds in weight.

2) If there are no special requirements, the paper roll should be rolled so that the paper roll cannot be damaged during transportation.

3), paper tube diameter 1.5”-2.0”.

4). Roll both ends of the cloth, and the exposed part should not exceed 1″.

5) Before rolling the cloth, use tape with a length of less than 4″ to fix it on the left, middle and right places.

6) After rolling, in order to prevent the cloth roll from loosening, apply 12″ tape to fix it in 4 places.

Attachment: Special terms for fabric defects

1. Barre – For knitted fabrics, this defect is characterized by some uneven patterns that usually appear in the fabric rows or in the transverse direction of the fabric. Uneven yarns, uneven yarn tension, and yarns with different dye affinities can all be reasons for this.

2. Bad Place – This is a very convenient term for those fabric defects that are difficult to describe in words. This term is often used to describe those areas where the fabric’s weave has been severely damaged.

3. Bias (refer to weft bias) – For woven fabrics, this defect refers to the dimensional deviation of the weft and warp yarns; for knitted fabrics,This condition refers to where the dimensions of the fabric courses and fabric wales are skewed.

4. Birdseye Defect – For knitted fabrics, this refers to the occasional irregular tuck pattern that is opposite to the fabric design.

5. Bow – For woven fabrics, this situation means that the weft yarn is located in the width direction of the fabric in an arc; for knitted fabrics, this situation means that the stitch courses are located in an arc line. way in the width direction of the fabric.

6. Broken End – This defect refers to the place where the warp has been broken and repaired. Its common feature is that broken ends can be seen woven into the fabric.

7. Broken Color Pattern – For woven fabrics, this refers to the discontinuity of the pattern, which causes errors when drawing the color pattern with the loom thread or when the weft yarn breaks. Improper resetting of the image filling chain after loom repairs can cause this defect; in knitted fabrics, this is caused by an incorrect shuttle change.

8. Broken pick – This condition refers to the lack of weft yarns on part of the width of the fabric due to weft yarn breakage.

9. Bruise – (Refer to Temple Defect) – This situation refers to: due to the wear and tear of the yarn being knitted or the fabric that has been knitted, the fibers lose their sense of direction and the appearance of the fabric is distorted. .

10. Burl mark – This is a deformation caused by an excess of certain substances, including slubbing threads, waste and loose yarn being removed with repair tools.

11. Buttonhole selvage – This is a fabric selvage defect caused by excessive tension accumulated on the loom shuttle before replacing the weft yarn. This tension tends to restrict the selvedge weft from falling off and interlacing properly, creating an imperfection similar to a buttonhole.

12. Chafed Yarn – This defect refers to the frayed yarn. After the yarn is frayed, the fiber will lose its sense of direction and the yarn will be distorted. This defect affects the dyeability of the yarn and often results in radial stripes or weft streaks.

13. Chopped Filling – This defect refers to an imbalance in the weft direction and is characterized by the presence of an obvious or neat pattern caused by the eccentric behavior of the drawing roller.

14. Clip mark – This defect refers to the area on the fabric that has not been dyed. This defect is caused by small metal clips clamped on the edge of the fabric. These small clips are for Used to avoid or correct fabric selvage folding during dyeing.

15. Coarse End – This situation refers to the fact that the diameter of one warp yarn is significantly larger than the diameter of the normal warp yarn of the fabric.

16. Coarse Pick – This situation refers to the fact that the diameter of one weft yarn is significantly larger than the diameter of the normal weft yarn of the fabric.

17. Coarse Yarn – This situation refers to the fact that the diameter of one yarn is significantly larger than the diameter of the normal yarn of the fabric.

18. Cockled Fabric – For knitted fabrics, this defect refers to fabrics that are wrinkled, shriveled or bulging and do not lie flat on the cutting table. The reason for this phenomenon may be due to the irregular twisting of the yarn, the uneven tension of the yarn during the knitting process, or the uneven reaction of the yarn in the fabric during the finishing process.

19. Cockled yarn defect (Cockled Yarn) – This refers to a situation where some fibers in a yarn appear to be very curled and the direction of the fibers cannot be distinguished. The reason for this situation is that some yarn fibers are too long relative to the drawing roller, causing the next drawing roller to clamp the fiber before the previous drawing roller loosens the fiber, so that Can cause fibers to break and curl. Twisted yarn looks like tiny twists in the fabric.

20. Scrimp – This defect is caused by the fabric being printed in a pleated or folded state. When the pleats or creases are opened or unfolded, the pattern is usually destroyed.

21. Color Fly – This refers to the appearance of fiber impurities of different colors in the yarn or fabric.

22. Color Misdraw – For woven fabrics, this situation refers to the fact that the colored yarn drawn by the loom thread is opposite to the color pattern and/or texture design; For warp knitted fabrics, this situation refers to the situation where the colored yarn drawn by the guide bar is opposite to the pattern design.

23. Color Out – During the printing process, if the color paste in the storage tank is almost used up, it will cause blank spots in the printing pattern.

24. Color Smear – This condition is caused by pattern deformation caused by applying pigment during the printing process.

25. Hard crease defect (Compactor Crease) – For knitted fabrics, this defect refers to the hard crease caused by the use of wrinkled fabrics in the shrinkage control and stabilization process.

26. Corrugation (refer to pre-shrunk hidden wrinkle defect) – This defect is a washboard phenomenon caused by the thick pad of the pre-shrunk finishing machine that is not working properly.

27. Cover – This term is usually used to describe surface characteristic defects of fabrics, such as the number of warp and weft yarns, whether the pattern is prominent, and other defects that can be caused by changing one of the two yarn systems. system to obtain the desired characteristics.

28. Crease – This defect refers to the creases caused by the fabric folding itself under pressure.

29. Crease Streak – This defect refers to the visible after-effects caused by creases in the fabric during dyeing or finishing work.

30. Damaged – This situation means that the fabric has been damaged and can no longer be used for the intended purpose.

31. Doctor Streak – This defect refers to a narrow, swinging stripe caused by a broken scraper during the printing process.

32. Double End – This situation refers to the occurrence of two warp yarns where only one warp yarn is required in the fabric design.

33. Double Pick – This situation refers to the occurrence of two weft yarns at the shed of the loom where the fabric design originally requires only one weft yarn.

34. Doubling – For weft yarns, this situation means that the size of the weft yarn is twice larger than the normal size due to the two ends of the roving yarn hitting one end of the fine yarn at the same time; for warp yarns , because both ends of the roving hit one end of the fine yarn at the same time, which will result in a thick warp.

35. Dragging End – For warp knitted fabrics, this condition refers to the fact that the warp yarns are entangled in the warp beam, causing the warp yarns to be knitted under unstable tension conditions.

36. Drawback – This defect is caused by excess tension caused by some abnormal restrictions that are gradually applied to many warp yarns. When the restrictions are removed, these excessively loose warp yarns will gradually be woven into the fabric, causing fabric defects.

37. Dropped Pick – This fabric defect is caused by the inability of the weft insertion device on the shuttleless loom to clamp and release the weft in time. Since the weft insertion device cannot release the weft in time, the weft will enter the main body of the device, causing half of the weft missing in the width direction of the fabric. In addition, since the loosened weft yarn is immediately woven into the fabric, in this case, the weft yarn woven into the fabric sometimes becomes tangled.

38. Dye Streak – This is a dye-related streak defect. Its occurrence mainly depends on the application of dye on the fabric or the absorption of dye by the fabric.

39. End Out – This situation refers to the lack of warp yarns.

40. Filling band – This condition refers to a visually obvious streak in the width direction of the fabric. Differences in the physical or chemical properties of the weft yarn are the direct cause of this defect.

41. Filling Floats (refer to Filling Floats, Upper Floats and Lower Floats)Defects) – This is a condition where the weft yarns do not intersect with the warp yarns where they should, but stretch freely above or below them.

42. Fine End – This defect refers to the fact that the diameter of one or some warp yarns is significantly smaller than the diameter of the normal warp yarns of the fabric.

43. Fine yarn defect (Fine yarn) – For knitted fabrics, this defect refers to that the diameter of one or some yarns is significantly smaller than the diameter of the normal yarn of the fabric. This situation usually leads to Fine linear cracks appear in the fabric courses or transverse direction of the fabric.

44. Flat warp defect (Flat) – This situation refers to the incorrect threading of the plain weave, resulting in two warp yarns overlapping.

45. Float (refer to warp float, weft float and skip stitch) – This situation refers to a yarn that should be in contact with the yarn in the opposite yarn system. The intersecting places do not intersect with it, but stretch freely above or below it.

46. Foreign Fiber – This refers to fibers that exist as impurities rather than ordinary fabric fibers. These fiber impurities can be present within one yarn or randomly distributed throughout the fabric.

47. Foreign Matter – The impurities here refer to other pollutants except fiber impurities.

48. Fuzz Balls – This defect refers to fiber balls surrounding the warp yarns formed due to wear and tear on the loom. The cause of this defect is usually a lack of sufficient size in the warp yarns, resulting in the formation of what is commonly referred to as “soft yarn”.

49. Gout – This fabric defect refers to the accumulation of short fibers or fly flakes that are entangled in the yarn or in the shed of the loom. This defect differs from slubbed threads in that slubbed threads are usually symmetrical in shape, whereas weaving-in defects such as flybacks often look like undrawn clumps.

50. Halo defect (Halo) – This kind of fabric defect refers to the fine weft fence surrounding the defect formed due to the migration of dye to a defect during the dyeing process.

51. Hang Pick (refer to shrinkage defect) – This situation refers to the fact that the weft yarn will instantly get entangled in the warp knot or other protrusions before the reed is scraped. When this occurs, a short loop weft defect appears on the surface of the fabric.

52. Hang Thread – This condition means that there are yarns hanging on the surface of the fabric. There are two main reasons why this happens, one of which is the failure of the loom to clamp the excess yarn after repairing the break, and the other reason is the failure of the garment inspector to remove the excess yarn.

53. Hard Size – This fabric defect is characterized by a rough, hard-feeling area on the fabric that looks cloudy and uneven. This situation is common in yarn-dyed yarns. The reason for this situation is that the sizing machine stops working, resulting in excess glue condensing on the yarn. This defect usually manifests itself as streaks across the width of the fabric.

54. Harness Balk – This fabric defect is caused by the failure of the loom threads to move in the prescribed sequence, resulting in the weft yarn not intersecting with the warp yarn where it should be. Interlaced, but floating on top of the warp.

55. Harness Breakdown – This situation refers to the phenomenon that the warp yarns pulled by the wires float to the front or back of the fabric due to the stoppage of the loom wires.

56. Harness Misdraw – This condition refers to the situation where one or more warp yarns pulled by the loom wire are opposite to the weave design.

57. Hole – The meaning of this term is already clear and there is no need to describe it in detail.

58. Jerk-in – This situation refers to the situation where the loom shuttle pulls the normal weft yarn into the fabric and also pulls an extra weft yarn into the fabric. On conventional looms, this defect usually occurs on the side of the weft tube magazine. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the thread holding device is not able to clamp the weft yarn from the outward bobbin after the yarn is changed. The bobbin is long enough for the temple cutter to cut the yarn.

59. Kinky Filling – This condition refers to a situation where the weft yarn is too loose somewhere on the fabric, causing it to kink itself in a short distance. The reasons for this phenomenon include: incorrect boxing of the loom shuttle; abnormal working of the weft fork; excessive power of the shuttle rod; excessive kink of the weft and inappropriate weft twist settings.

60. Knot – This condition means that the two ends of the yarn are tied together.

61. Loom bar defect (Loom Bar) – This fabric defect refers to the color bar that appears in the width direction of the fabric. The reason for this phenomenon is that there is tension on the loom shuttle before changing the weft yarn. accumulation. This defect is common in dyed and woven fabrics.

62. Loom Waste – This situation refers to the waste accumulated on the loom entering the fabric through the air flow or the loom shuttle.

63. Loopy Filling (Refer to Triangular Hole Flaw) – This situation refers to the fact that the weft yarn will instantly get entangled in the warp knot or other protrusions before the reed is scraped. When this occurs, a short loop weft defect appears on the surface of the fabric.

64. Loose Course – For knitted fabrics, this condition refers to the loop knots in the loop courses being larger than normal due to the lack of appropriate tension in the yarn.

65. Machine Stop – This term is used to describe the obvious color spots on fabrics caused by the machine stopping and the fabric being caught in the machine during the dyeing and finishing process. Generally, this defect appears as a noticeable color weft bar in the width direction of the fabric.

66. Mat-up – This condition refers to the warp yarns becoming tangled together, destroying the correct interlacing of the warp and weft yarns. The reason for this phenomenon is that the loom failed to stop when the yarn broke, or it may be that the stray yarn from other places entered the loom. Meridional spider webs can range from mild to extremely destructive.

67. Misdraw-Harness – This condition refers to one or more warp yarns pulled by the reed contrary to the design.

68. Misdraw-Reed (Misdraw-Reed) – This situation refers to one or more warp yarns drawn by the reed contrary to the design.

69. Misdraw-Color – For woven fabrics, this situation refers to the fact that the colored yarn drawn by the thread of the loom is opposite to the color pattern and/or texture design. For warp knitted fabrics, this situation means that the colored yarns pulled by the guide rod are opposite to the pattern design.

70. Mispick – This situation refers to the fact that the texture design is destroyed due to the lack of weft yarns.

71. Missing Yarn – For knitted fabrics, missing yarn is usually caused by the machine continuing to run after the yarn is disconnected.

72. Miss-selection – For knitted fabrics, this situation refers to the pattern.��Damaged due to accidental leakage. This may be caused by a stuck foot piece or incorrect yarn feeding.

73. Mixed Filling – This condition refers to a visible streak caused by a weft yarn that is different from other normal weft yarns in the fabric.

74. Mixed yarn defect (Mixed Yarn) – This kind of fabric defect refers to the inclusion of yarn in the fabric that has different chemical or physical properties from the fabric.

75. Mottled – This term is used to describe the appearance of fabrics with many spots. Spots may be caused by uneven application of pigment on the fabric or uneven absorption of the pigment by the fabric.

76. Needle Line – For knitted fabrics, this defect refers to vertical cracks caused by bent needles. In this case, although the pattern is not affected at all, the uniform arrangement of the wales is distorted.

77. Neppiness – This condition refers to the appearance of excessive tangled clumps (neppiness) on the surface of the fabric.

78. Reed mark defect (Open Reed) (refer to reed path defect) – This is a fabric defect caused by a bent reed blade. It is characterized by an elongated streak in the warp direction of the fabric.

79. Out of Register – This situation refers to the pattern deformation caused by the out-of-synchronization of the printing roller during the printing process.

80. Overshot – This is when the weft deviates from its normal path and does not intersect with the warp where they should, but stretches freely over the warp. This defect tends to occur within twelve to fifteen inches of the selvedge of the fabric and is caused by improper loom settings.

81. Pattern Defect – For woven fabrics, this situation refers to the interlacing formation or color embedding that is contrary to the pattern design of the fabric. The reason for this phenomenon is that the machine is not working properly, and It could be due to incorrect placement of the colored yarn in the loom thread. For knitted fabrics, this defect refers to the formation of seams or the inlay of colors that are contrary to the pattern design of the fabric. The reason for this phenomenon is that the machine is not working properly, or it may be that the colored yarn is on the roving creel. is placed incorrectly.

82. Pin Holes – For fabrics that have been rolled through a pin chain tenter, it is common for pin holes to appear, but if the pin holes are too far away from the selvedge of the fabric, or the pin holes expand and tear, Then this fabric defect occurs at this time.

83. Press Off – For knitted fabrics, this situation means that the fabric is not woven, or the fabric falls off the machine, or the pattern may be completely broken and destroyed.

84. Pucker (refer to pre-shrunk wrinkle defect) – This kind of fabric defect refers to the warp deformation caused by uneven wetting during the pre-shrinking process. Generally speaking, it is due to poor spray heads. And caused. This defect may appear as a wavy fabric selvedge or may affect any other area of the fabric. With a spray head, the wrinkles produced are typically eight to ten inches wide.

85. Reed Misdraw – This situation refers to the situation where one or more warp yarns pulled by the reed are opposite to the pattern design.

86. Reed mark (Reed mark) – This is a fabric defect caused by a bent reed blade. It is characterized by an elongated streak in the warp direction of the fabric.

87. Reed Streak – This is a warp stripe defect caused by a bad reed. Light or heavy streaks may appear on the fabric due to uneven yarn placement, and a bad reed may wear the yarn and change its dye affinity.

88. Reedy defect (Reedy) – The characteristic of this defect is that reed patterns usually appear where striped defects occur. The reason for this phenomenon is that the reed is too loose, it may be due to incorrect arrangement of reed traction, or it may be due to incorrect settings of the loom.

89. Rough – This term is usually used to describe the rough or wrinkled appearance of fabric caused by broken needles or broken foot pieces.

90. Sanforize Corrugation (refer to Sanforize Corrugation) – This fabric defect is a washboard phenomenon caused by the thick padding of the preshrunk finishing machine not working properly.

100. Sanforize Pucker (Refer to Sanforize Pucker) – This kind of fabric defect refers to the warp deformation caused by uneven wetting during the preshrinking process. Generally speaking, it is due to the misalignment of the spray head. Good and caused. This defect may appear as a wavy fabric selvedge or may affect any other area of the fabric. With a spray head, the wrinkles produced are typically eight to ten inches wide.

101. Sanforize Roughness – This term is usually used to describe the rough or wrinkled appearance of fabrics caused by excessive preshrinking.