There are many fabric materials in our lives. The main materials are as follows: vinylon chlorine fiber, nylon and polyester, viscose fiber and cupro ammonium fiber, spandex and fluoronon, cotton fiber and linen fiber, acrylic fiber and polypropylene fiber, Wool fiber and silk. Below I will introduce to you how to identify these materials by combustion.
1. Nylon and polyester
Nylon’s scientific name is polyamide fiber. It quickly shrinks and melts into a white gel when it is near the flame. It melts, drips and bubbles in the flame. There is no flame when burning. It is difficult to continue burning without the flame. It emits the smell of celery and becomes light brown when cooled. The material is not easy to grind. Polyester, whose scientific name is polyester fiber, is easy to ignite. It melts and shrinks when it is near a flame. When burning, it melts and emits black smoke, showing a yellow flame and emitting an aromatic smell. After burning, the ashes turn into dark brown lumps that can be crushed with your fingers.
2. Vinyl and chlorofluoron
Vinylon’s scientific name is polyvinyl formal fiber. It is not easy to ignite. It melts and shrinks near the flame. When burning, there is a little flame at the top. When the fibers are melted into a gel, the flame becomes larger. There is thick black smoke and a bitter smell. Black color remains after burning. Small bead-like particles that can be crushed with your fingers. Polyvinyl chloride, whose scientific name is polyvinyl chloride fiber, is difficult to burn and extinguishes as soon as it is removed from the fire. The flame is yellow, with green white smoke at the lower end. It emits a pungent, spicy and sour smell. After burning, the ashes turn into dark brown irregular lumps, which are difficult to crush with fingers.
3. Viscose fiber and cuprammonium fiber
Viscose fiber is flammable and burns very quickly. The flame is yellow and smells like burning paper. After burning, there is very little ash and it appears as a smooth twisted ribbon of light gray or off-white fine powder. Cupro-ammonium fiber, commonly known as tiger kapok, burns when near a flame. It burns quickly. The flame is yellow and emits an ester-sour smell. There are very few ash after burning, only a small amount of gray-black ash.
4. Spandex and fluoron
The scientific name of spandex is polyurethane fiber. It melts and burns when close to the fire. When burning, the flame turns blue. When it is away from the fire, it continues to melt and burn, emitting a special pungent odor. After burning, the ash becomes soft and fluffy black ash. The scientific name of fluoronon is polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, and the ISO organization calls it fluorite fiber. It only melts near the flame, is difficult to ignite, and does not burn. The edge flame is blue-green carbonized, and it decomposes when melted. The gas is toxic, and the melt is hard and round black. beads. Fluoron fibers are commonly used in the textile industry to make high-performance sewing threads.
5. Cotton fiber and linen fiber
Both cotton fiber and hemp fiber ignite as soon as the flame is near, burning quickly, with yellow flame and blue smoke. The difference between the smells emitted by the two when burning and the ashes after burning is that cotton emits a paper smell when burned, while hemp emits a grass ash smell after burning. After burning, cotton has very little powdery ash, which is black or gray, while hemp produces a small amount of off-white powdery ashes.
6. Wool fiber and silk
Hair smokes when exposed to fire, foams when burned, burns slowly, and emits the smell of burnt hair. After burning, the ashes are mostly shiny black spherical particles that break into pieces when pressed with your fingers. When the silk is exposed to fire, it shrinks into a ball, burns slowly, makes a hissing sound, and emits the smell of burning hair. After burning, it condenses into small dark brown spherical ash, which can be broken into pieces when twisted by hand.
7. Acrylic and polypropylene
The scientific name of acrylic fiber is polyacrylonitrile fiber. It softens and shrinks when it is close to fire. It emits black smoke after igniting and the flame is white. It burns quickly after leaving the flame and emits the pungent smell of roasted meat. After burning, the ashes become irregular black lumps and are easily broken by hand twisting. . The scientific name of polypropylene is polypropylene fiber. It shrinks when near the flame and is flammable. It burns slowly away from the fire and emits black smoke. The upper end of the flame is yellow and the lower end is blue. It emits the smell of petroleum. After burning, the ashes are hard round light yellow-brown particles, which are easy to twist by hand. broken.
Source of article: Global Textile Forum
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