Functional fabrics have expanded their range of uses due to their multiple protective functions, especially the protective and health-care properties that have beneficial effects on the human body. They have increasingly become the new darling of the clothing industry. Functional finishing fabrics have also developed from the original single waterproof finishing, oil-proof finishing or anti-wrinkle finishing to multi-functional finishing. Therefore, three-proof and easy-to-contaminate fabric finishing technology has become the most widely used fabric finishing technology. Three-proof and easy-to-remove finishing mainly uses the reduction of the surface tension of fabric fibers to give the fabric three-proof finishing.
This article’s three anti-fouling and easy-to-decontaminate products are tested according to the AATCC130-2010 standard. Among them, the three-proof finishing uses the effect of finishing agent to reduce the surface tension of the fiber, which is lower than the surface tension of water and oil stains. It has water-repellent and oil-repellent properties and achieves the purpose of three-proof. Through process optimization, the three-proof finishing agent and the easy-to-decontamination finishing agent can reach the balance point where the three-proof and easy-to-decontamination mutually influence each other, so as to achieve, for example: cotton, polyester-cotton three-proof and easy-to-decontaminate finishing. The three-proof and easy-to-remove finishing fabric requirements mentioned in this article are: waterproof, oil-proof, anti-fouling and easy to remove.
1. Basic principles
01/Design principles of waterproof and breathable fabrics
Waterproof and breathable fabrics mainly utilize the difference between the small diameter of external water droplets (20-100 um) and the diameter of human moisture molecules (0.0003-100 um), so that the structural gaps of the designed fabric can prevent the entry of small water droplets from the outside. It also allows human body sweat to be emitted through the fabric. According to the waterproof and breathable mechanism of fabrics, waterproof and breathable fabrics can be designed and produced from the following aspects: high-density fabrics, coated fabrics, laminated fabrics and fabrics for functional finishing of textiles.
It can be seen from the basic principles of three-proof finishing: Three-proof finishing uses the action of finishing agents to reduce the surface tension of fibers to a level lower than the surface tension of water and oil stains, thereby achieving the purpose of three-proofing.
02/Anti-fouling finishing
Synthetic fibers such as polyester are hydrophobic and lipophilic fibers, which are particularly easy to stain. Oil stains are difficult to wash off after being stained, and re-contamination often occurs during repeated washing processes. This phenomenon also occurs when washing blended fabrics. After the cotton fiber is treated with anti-wrinkle resin, the hydroxyl groups are blocked to a certain extent, the hydrophilicity is reduced, and staining will also occur. The purpose of antifouling finishing is to improve these shortcomings.
Anti-fouling finishing is called SR finishing abroad. SR finishing has two meanings, one is easy stain removal (SoilRelease) finishing and the other is stain repellent (Soil Repellent) finishing. Later, on the basis of fluorine-containing stain-repellent finishing agents, hydrophilic groups were introduced and developed to have the dual functions of stain-repelling and improving grease shedding properties.
03/Main sources of fabric stains
The components of oil pollution are very complex and can be roughly divided into three categories:
(1) Solid particle dirt (such as soot, soil, rust, etc.);
(2) Oil and fatty substances (such as engine oil, beef tallow, indoor cooking grease, fat excreted from the body, etc.);
(3) Water-soluble substances (cosmetics, ink, coffee, etc.).
04/There are generally three ways of contamination on fabrics:
(1) Physical contact: For example, the cuffs and collars of clothes are often in contact with the skin and are easily contaminated with fat and dirt. They are hydrophobic and biophilic.
Oily fibers stain more easily.
(2) Electrostatic adsorption: The surface conductivity and hygroscopicity of hydrophobic synthetic fibers such as polyester are very low, and static electricity is easily generated during friction.
Particulate dust in the air is also easily charged due to friction or induction. Charged particulate dust often interacts with fabrics.
The electrostatic interaction generated on the object adsorbs and forms dirt on the fabric.
(3) Re-contamination during washing: The critical surface tension of hydrophobic synthetic fibers such as polyester in water is much greater than that in the atmosphere, so the fabric
The greasy dirt attached to the object is difficult to remove, and it is also susceptible to re-contamination by dirt floating in the washing liquid.
05/Antifouling mechanism
Solid dirt is mainly deposited on fabric surface irregularities, fiber gaps, interweaving points, etc. due to static electricity when it comes into contact with dirt. Grease dirt is mainly deposited through mechanical adsorption and chemical forces (van der Waals forces and adhesion forces). Fabric surface combined. Increasing the smoothness and antistatic properties of the fabric surface can reduce the deposition of solid dirt. To prevent contamination of liquid and oily dirt, the fabric should be made to have water-repellent and oil-repellent properties. The water-repellent and oil-repellent properties of the fabric are based on limited wetting as the condition and premise.
After melt spinning to produce anti-fouling fibers, the filaments are treated with an oil containing a hydrophobic lubricant (which is solid at room temperature), and then heated, drawn, and crimped to remove the hydrophobic lubricant from the oil. Other oil ingredients fall off. For example, the stain-resistant colored carpet yarn invented in Japan is made by melt-spinning a thermoplastic polymer containing solution-dyed pigments and then processing it using the above method.
There are many kinds of water-repellent and oil-repellent finishing agents and finishing processes for fabrics that can be easily stain-repelled and water-repellent and oil-repellent. They can be selected through experiments.
Second, three prevention, easy decontamination and finishing process features
Tests have proven that three-proof finishing and easy-to-decontaminate finishing will affect each other. In order to solve this problem, a process balance point was found after many tests: a one-bath padding process using three-proof and easy-to-decontaminate finishing agents and then dried. , baking and other processes so that the fabric can not only achieve the three-proof effect but also achieve the purpose of easy decontamination.
3. Product inspection and testing standards
Waterproof tested according to AATCC193-2007 standard IS09865:1991 standard;
Oil resistance is tested according to AATCC118-2007 standard;
Anti-fouling and easy to remove stains are tested according to AATCC130-2010 standards.
4. Conclusion
�Anti-proof finishing uses the effect of finishing agents to reduce the surface tension of the fiber, which is lower than the surface tension of water and oil stains. It has water-repellent and oil-repellent properties and achieves the three prevention purposes. Through process optimization, the three-proof finishing agent and the easy-to-decontamination finishing agent can reach the balance point where the three-proof and easy-to-decontamination effects conflict with each other, thereby meeting the requirements for functional finishing of the product. Extended reading: https://www.china-fire-retardant.com/post/9571.html
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