Basic overview of Brazilian and Mexican cotton
1. Brazil
Brazil is located in eastern South America and is a large country in Latin America. The Amazon River runs through the northwest, the Saint Française and the Paraná River run through the east, and the Brazilian cotton area is concentrated in the two river basins. The entire Brazilian cotton area has a clear distinction between rainy season and dry season. Cotton production is often sown in the rainy season and harvested in the dry season. Because the cotton area has sufficient sunlight, high accumulated temperature, and is frost-free all year round, the cotton has good maturity, bright white color, excellent quality, and large yield potential; Brazil is located in the southern hemisphere and has a vast territory. The country’s unique geographical location and climatic conditions allow the country to harvest two seasons of cotton every year; in addition, 65% of the world’s cotton-producing countries need artificial irrigation to grow cotton, and Brazil’s cotton-producing areas are concentrated in the central and western regions of the country with abundant rainfall. , the cotton production in this area accounts for 83% of Brazil’s total cotton production. There is no need for artificial irrigation, which greatly reduces planting costs.
The sowing period of cotton in the central and southern regions of Brazil is from September to November, and the picking period is from February to May; the sowing period of cotton in the northeastern region is from April to May, and the picking period is from August to November. For one-time picking, the micronaire value is higher, the micronaire value is 3.6-4.2, and it can be spun for 40-60S.
Brazil forms a cotton planting belt from west to east, which can be divided into 3 cotton regions:
(1) Central and Western Cotton Region or Cerrado Cotton Region, including 3 states in the central and western regions, 1 state in the southeast and 1 state in the northeast; (2) the southern cotton region, including the two states of Paraná in the south and São Paulo in the southeast; (3) the northeastern cotton region, including 8 states in the northeast.
Basic quality of Brazilian cotton: Cotton quality is similar to my country’s Shandong and Hebei cotton. Brazil adopts machine picking, no three-strand yarn, 45% of cotton has fiber length above 28.5mm, 61% has strength above 27.1GPT, 72% has micronaire value of 3.8-4.2, uniformity is 80%, and mature It has good strength and spinnability, and can spin more than 40 yarns.
In terms of quality management, Brazil adopts the international standards of the United States Department of Agriculture for inspection, sampling per package, high-capacity high-precision inspection instrument (HVI) inspection, and adopting a barcode system.
For Chinese cotton companies, the only disadvantage of using Brazilian cotton is that the shipping period is long, usually 2-3 months.
2. Mexico
Mexican cotton fields rely on irrigation. The average cotton yield in irrigated areas is 975 kilograms per hectare (65 kilograms per mu). However, the cotton yield in natural rainfall and semi-irrigated areas is lower. Except for some mechanical picking, most of the cotton is harvested by machines. Hand-picked, all Mexican cotton is ginned by saw-tooth machines. Mexico’s cotton areas are all over the north and south, and the main cotton area is in Mexicali on the Gulf of California. Along the west coast of Sinaloa and Sonora, the cotton produced in the three cotton production areas accounts for 60% of the country’s cotton production, and the cotton produced in the central areas of Lucina and Delicia accounts for 22%.
The Mexican cotton harvest begins in late June on the west coast, and does not end until February and March of the following year in the central and southern regions, lasting for 8 months.
Mexican cotton: snow-white color, average length, slightly thicker, less impurities, and good maturity; but ginning is like American cotton, with more neps and poor uniformity.
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