Introduction and uses of functional fibers
Chitin fiber properties and uses
Researchers in Japan and South Korea used chitin that had been treated with formic acid to become sticky and used spinning production technology to produce an extremely fine chitin fiber. South Korea was the first to industrialize in this field and currently produces nearly 150-200 kilograms of chitin fiber per day.
According to scientific researchers from the United States, Japan and South Korea, underwear made of chitin fiber has antibacterial, health-care and insect-free functions, and the fiber has the properties of domestic silk. In particular, chitin fiber is used to make surgical sutures and ligate wounds, which can resist infection and avoid the pain of removing sutures.
Polymer fibers with special functions
Polymer fibers, also known as high molecular compounds or high molecular polymers, are compounds with higher molecular weights polymerized from monomers. So far, several types of polymer fibers with specific functions can be produced using different methods.
“Temperature regulating” fiber: The United States has developed a fiber that can regulate its own environmental temperature. When the temperature rises, this fiber can absorb heat from the surrounding environment and store it, thereby slowing down the speed and amplitude of the rise in ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature drops, the fiber will release the heat it has absorbed, thereby slowing down the rate and magnitude of the drop in ambient temperature. Fabrics made of this “temperature regulating” material have the advantages of wear resistance, dirt resistance, water absorption, resistance to pilling, resistance to static pressure, and durability for pressing.
“Insulation” fiber: The so-called “insulation” refers to the protective effect of clothing on the human body. It can isolate the outside rain, snow, wind and frost from invading human skin, and at the same time, it can also discharge the sweat on the skin into the atmosphere, making people feel comfortable. Natural clothing fibers (cotton, linen, silk, etc.) generally have the above functions. At present, some polymer fibers also have such functions, such as microfiber cloths with a large amount of low thermal conductivity, hollow fibers with large hollow gaps, vacuum aluminized fabrics that prevent radiation and heat dissipation, and can convert sunlight into heat. Zirconium-containing fibers, etc.
“Breathing” fiber: Breathing fiber is waterproof and breathable fiber. It can pass through the water vapor evaporated by human sweat, but cannot pass through rainwater, which means it has two opposite functions. This kind of polymer fiber material mainly includes laminated microporous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, wet coating resin and ultrafine fiber.
“Heatstroke prevention” fiber: Heatstroke prevention mainly prevents sweating and stuffiness. Clothing materials absorb moisture and water, making people feel comfortable when wearing them. The combination of these two functions is called the hydrophilicity of the fiber. Natural fibers are more hydrophilic, while chemical fibers are hydrophobic and make people feel stuffy when worn. Now scientists use hydrophilic compounds to post-process chemical fibers such as polyester and nylon, thus completely solving the problem of hydrophobicity of chemical fibers.
“Elastic” fibers: Elastic fibers are suitable for movement and body stretching. At present, elastic fibers are mainly made of nylon and polyester for stretch processing or elastic yarns are used to improve the elasticity of the fibers. The elasticity of polyurethane fiber, which is commonly used these days, is close to that of rubber.
“Memory” fiber: Japan has successfully developed a fiber with “memory” function. After the clothes made with it are shaped and ironed, they can keep their shape forever no matter how they are washed, so they are deeply loved by people.
Performance and product development of bamboo raw fiber
The concept of bamboo fiber has been widely promoted. Bamboo fiber in the true sense refers to fiber directly separated from bamboo using a unique process, that is, bamboo fiber. The article introduces the performance and product development of bamboo raw fiber, and explains the production process and precautions of bamboo raw fiber spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing.
OIntroduction
my country has a long history of bamboo culture. Bamboo plays an important role in people’s daily life in food, housing, transportation, entertainment, etc., but it is rarely used in clothing. After years of hard work, Chinese scientific researchers finally successfully developed bamboo fiber in 2002, realizing the application of bamboo in food and filling a gap in bamboo culture.
1The production process of bamboo raw fiber
Bamboo raw fiber refers to the fiber that is directly separated from bamboo using a unique process. Generally, depending on the spinning system used by the textile factory, natural bamboo is sawn into the length required for production, and mechanical and physical methods are used to remove lignin, polypentoses, bamboo powder, pectin and other impurities in the bamboo. , directly extract bamboo fiber from bamboo. Bamboo raw fiber is essentially different from bamboo pulp viscose fiber (regenerated cellulose bamboo fiber) produced by chemical treatment. The former is a pure natural fiber, which is a green and environmentally friendly fiber. It has excellent fiber performance, a special style, excellent taking performance, and significant health care effects. In order to distinguish it from bamboo pulp viscose fiber, it is named bamboo fiber; while the latter is It is a regenerated cellulose fiber among chemical fibers. Some of the excellent properties and health-care ingredients contained in bamboo fiber are affected by chemical processing. In addition, due to the pollution caused by chemical processing, it is not an environmentally friendly fiber in the true sense.
1.1 Pre-treatment process
The pre-treatment process is divided into whole material, bamboo chip making and soaking. First, the branches and tips of the bamboo are removed, and bamboo slips are cut into fixed lengths according to the requirements of the spinning system; then the bamboo tube is split into bamboo pieces of a certain width mechanically or manually; and the bamboo pieces are soaked in a special degumming softener. , soak for a certain period of time.
1.2 minutes��Process
The decomposition process is divided into three steps: cooking, washing, and splitting. Steaming: Heat the bamboo slices together with the soaking liquid to a certain temperature, apply a certain pressure at the same time, and cook them for a certain time to remove sugar, degreasing, degumming and sterilization. Washing: Take out the steamed bamboo slices and wash them with water to remove the attached soaking liquid. Splitting: Mechanically flatten the bamboo slices, and then use a filament machine to break down the coarse fibers.
1.3 Forming process
The forming process generally goes through several steps such as cooking, splitting, reduction, dehydration, and softening. Cooking: Place the crude fiber obtained in the decomposition process into a cooking dish, add soaking liquid, heat to a certain temperature, and pressurize for a certain period of time. Splitting: Divide the thick fibers into finer fibers and rinse them with water to degumm them. Reduction: Place the bamboo fiber in the soaking liquid and add an appropriate amount of additives to increase the strength of the original bamboo fiber. Dehydration: Generally, centrifugal dehydration is used. Softening: Use a softener to soften the bamboo fiber to give it a certain softness.
1.4 Post-processing process
The post-processing process is generally divided into three steps: drying, carding, and screening inspection. Dry the fibers on special drying equipment for a certain period of time to make the moisture content less than 10%; card them with a carding machine and organize them into bamboo fiber filaments; remove short fibers and their powder, and inspect them if they are qualified. Then pack.
2Performances of Bamboo Raw Fiber
2.1 Chemical composition and composition of bamboo fiber
The main chemical components of bamboo fiber are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (Table 1). The three are all high polysaccharides, accounting for more than 90% of the dry mass of the fiber, followed by protein, fat, pectin, monosaccharide, and polysaccharide. Ning, pigments, ash, etc., mostly exist in the intracellular cavity or special organelles, directly or indirectly participating in their physiological effects. oBSzZkbL
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