Classification and naming of dyes

Dyes can be classified as follows according to their properties and application methods.

By status

Water-based color paste, oil-based color paste, water-based color essence
Oily color essence

By purpose

Ceramic pigments coating pigments fabric pigments
Plastic Pigments

By source

Natural dyes are divided into plant dyes and animal dyes
Synthetic dyes (also known as artificial dyes) are divided according to usage

According to the properties and application methods of dyes, dyes can be classified into the following categories:

l. Direct dye
This type of dye gets its name because it can be dyed directly on various fibers such as cotton, linen, silk, and wool without relying on other chemicals.

2. Reactive dyes
Also known as reactive dyes. Its molecular structure contains one or more active genes, which under appropriate conditions can chemically react with fibers and form covalent bonds.

3. Vat dyes
This type of dye is insoluble in water. It is colored by reducing and dissolving with the help of a reducing agent in a strong alkaline solution. After dyeing, it is oxidized and converted back into an insoluble dye and is firmly fixed on the fiber.

4. Sulfur dyes
Most of these dyes are insoluble in water and organic solvents, but can be dissolved in alkali sulfide solution. After dissolving, they can be directly dyed on fibers. However, because the dye solution is too alkaline, it is not suitable for dyeing protein fibers.

5. Sulfide vat dyes
The chemical structure and manufacturing method of sulfide vat dyes are the same as those of general sulfur dyes, but their color fastness and coloring performance are between sulfur and vat dyes, so they are called sulfide vat dyes. When coloring, caustic soda-safety powder or alkali sulfide-safety powder can be used to dissolve the dye.

6. Oxidation dyes
Certain aromatic amine compounds undergo complex oxidation and condensation reactions on fibers to become insoluble dyes, called oxidation dyes.

7. Disperse dyes
This type of dye has very low solubility in water, very fine particles, and is a dispersion in the dye liquor. It is a non-ionic dye and is mainly used for coloring polyester. Its color fastness is relatively high.

8. Acid dyes
This type of dye is water-soluble, and most of them contain sulfonic acid groups, carboxyl groups and other water-soluble genes. Protein fibers can be dyed directly in acidic, weakly acidic or neutral media, but the wet processing fastness is poor.

9. Basic and cationic dyes
Basic dyes were called salt-based dyes in the early days. They were a type of dye synthesized early. Because they are positively charged after being dissolved in water, they are also called cationic dyes.

The various types of dyes introduced above are not only numerous in number, but also have different properties and usage methods for each type of dye. In order to facilitate distinction and understanding, a unified naming method for dyes has been officially adopted. As long as you see the name of the dye, you can roughly understand what type of dye it belongs to, as well as its color, finish, etc. Our country uniformly uses a three-section nomenclature for the naming of dyes. The name of the dye is divided into three parts, namely, the title, the color name and the endnote.

Dye naming

my country’s naming of dyes uses a three-part nomenclature. The name of the dye is divided into three parts, namely, the title, the color name and the endnote.

1. Title
It mainly refers to the name of dyes classified according to their application methods or properties, such as disperse, reduction, reactive, direct, etc.

2. Color name
A name indicating the color that can be obtained by using this dye to color fabrics according to standard methods. There are generally four ways to express it

(1) Adopt physical common names, such as red, green, blue, etc.

(2) Use plant names, such as orange, peach, grass green, rose, etc.

(3) Use natural phenomena to express it, such as sky blue, golden color, etc.

(4) Use animal names to express, such as mouse gray, goose yellow, etc.

3. Endnotes
Indicates the color finish, performance, status, concentration and suitable fabrics of the dye, etc. It is generally represented by letters and numbers.

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