Detailed introduction and testing methods for waterproof, hydrostatic pressure, moisture permeability and breathability of outdoor fabrics
Detailed introduction and test methods for water resistance, hydrostatic pressure, air permeability and breathability of outdoor fabrics!
Outdoor workwear is currently in the ascendant in China. Some domestic sports brands are also involved in outdoor use. China’s outdoor workwear industry is booming. Outdoor workwear is mainly sewn from outdoor fabrics. The outdoor fabric test items are as follows:
Dyeing fastness, shrinkage, PH value, tearing strength, breaking strength, seam slippage, these are all indicators that front-line dyeing plants must meet;
The post-finishing aspects are: water blocking, hydrostatic pressure, air permeability, air permeability and other functional indicators!
At present, domestic outdoor practitioners and outdoor enthusiasts have misunderstandings or insufficient understanding of certain aspects of the functions of outdoor workwear. The following is a brief introduction to the meaning and difference of post-processing functional indicators:
1. Water-repellent: In a standard laboratory, use distilled water to spray on the sample through a funnel, and compare the rating with the water-repellent standard sample;
Commonly used test standards include American standard: AATCC-22; European standard: ISO4920;
There are three types of water-repellent: general water-repellent (WaterRepellent, abbreviated as: W/R), durable water-repellent (DurableWaterRepellent, which is commonly called super water-repellent in the outdoor fabric industry, abbreviated as: DWR), and Teflon (TEFLON) water-repellent;
(1), General water repellent (W/R): After washing the clothing a few times, the surface will no longer block water. For general outdoor leisure, it can generally block water. Well, if you often go hiking or go to a mountain with a certain altitude, the climate on the mountain is unpredictable and it may rain at any time. Generally, water-repellent work clothes will not be water-repellent after being washed several times, causing the surface of the clothes to get wet, and wearing it will increase the amount of moisture on the body. The human body carries weight.
(2), Super water repellent (DWR): Carbon 6 produced by Japan’s Daikin blocks water and maintains 80 points after washing 20 times (European standard 3 Grade) effect; in the past, carbon 8 water blocking effect could reach 80 points after 30 washes. Because the fluorine content did not meet EU standards, it has been banned by the EU. Now there are many varieties of Daikin carbon six water blocking agents
(3), Teflon (TEFLON), produced by DuPont in the United States, is particularly well-known, has three prevention effects such as water repellency, stain removal, and oil resistance, and the price is very low It is relatively expensive. If you buy this brand of water-blocking products, you can get Teflon hangtags. However, Teflon has the disadvantage that the water-repellent effect is not as good as that of carbon 8 and carbon 6. DuPont three-proofing generally highlights the oil-proof effect and water-resistance.
2. Hydrostatic pressure (WaterProofness abbreviated as: WP): The outdoor fabric industry is accustomed to call it water pressure resistance. The unit is expressed in mmh2o, which refers to the resistance of unit area. The water pressure is strong. Under standard laboratory conditions, the fabric withstands the pressure of distilled water sprayed upward, and the maximum water pressure value is recorded. For example, the water pressure resistance is 5000mmh2o, which means that a large unit area can withstand 5m of pressure without leakage.
Commonly used test standards: American standard AATCC-127; Japanese standard JISL1092B; European standard: IS0811;
The water pressure resistance test is divided into two methods: before washing and after washing:
(1) Test before washing: Domestic outdoor brands generally test the water pressure resistance value before washing, but do not test the value after washing. If the water pressure resistance value drops greatly after washing several times, it may drop by about 1000-3000mmh2o;
(2) Post-wash test: Famous foreign outdoor brands usually test the water pressure resistance after 5 washes. THENORTHFACE even adopted the method of testing the water pressure resistance after washing 20 times. Due to the test after multiple washes, the water pressure resistance value dropped significantly. , such a test method means that any PU coating factory or film laminating factory must use better materials for finishing. For example, the water pressure resistance of PU coated fabrics requires 5000mmh2o after 5 times of washing, so it must be at least 7-8000mmh2o before washing; Of course this requirement will result in a higher price!
3. Air permeability (MoistureProofness abbreviated as: MP): Air permeability is expressed in units of g/m2/24h, which refers to under certain standard laboratory conditions. , a specific humidity difference is formed on both sides of the sample, and water vapor enters the dry side through the sample. By measuring the change in the weight of the breathable cup over time, parameters such as the water vapor transmittance of the sample can be obtained. There are two testing methods for breathability: straight cup and inverted cup; straight cup method: American standard ASTME-96A, C, E; Japanese standard JISL-1099A1; inverted cup method: American standard ASTM-E96, Japanese standard test JIS-L1099B1; This test uses pre-wash data!
Domestic outdoor practitioners and outdoor enthusiasts all call breathability breathability, or breathability directly. It is incorrect and imprecise to confuse these two terms together. Breathability and breathability are two completely different concepts. It needs to be distinguished and understood correctly;
The fabrics with the above three functional indicators are called water-blocking and breathable fabrics, and they are also called wind-blocking, water-blocking, warm and breathable fabrics. They are simply understood as rain outside.�No, the sweat inside is discharged through the pores of the PU coating and membrane! 4. Air permeability (Method Air Permeability abbreviated as: MAP): It means the performance of air permeability through fabric; under specified pressure difference conditions, measure the air flow rate vertically passing through a given area of the sample within a certain period of time, and calculate the air permeability. The air flow rate can be measured directly or converted by measuring the pressure on both sides of the flow aperture. This is called true breathability!
Test standards: American standard ASTMD737, European standard ISO9237, Japanese standard JISL1096; Breathability units can be expressed in mm/s or cm3/cm2/s;
According to TheNorthFace, Rei, Columbia, LLBean, EddieBauer, Adidas, Ozark and other well-known outdoor brands operated in the past five years, none of them have tested breathability, and domestic outdoor workwear brands have basically not tested breathability; breathability means that air is transmitted to the human body through the fabric. , which may not be able to keep warm; while wearing Outdoor Jackets can block water and keep warm but feels stuffy, which is related to the lack of breathability.
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