Buckling wave height of warp and weft yarns in fabric
The warp and weft yarns buckle each other in the fabric, and the degree of buckling can be described by the buckling wave height. The buckling state of warp and weft yarns in the fabric is like ripples. Assuming that the center line of the yarn is represented, we can get a corrugated curve. The height difference between the crest and the trough of this corrugation curve is called the buckling wave height. As shown in Figure 4-4, hj is the warp buckling wave height, and hw is the weft buckling wave height. Since the warp and weft yarns are closely connected to each other in the fabric, if the yarn spun in one direction is straightened, the yarn spun in the other direction must bend more. In other words, the buckling wave height of yarn spun in one direction decreases, and the buckling wave height of yarn spun in the other direction increases. It can be seen that the buckling wave heights of warp and weft yarns are related to each other. Furthermore, if the yarn spun in one direction is completely straightened, the yarn spun in the other direction will reach a large buckling wave height. Figure 4-5(a) shows that the warp yarn is in a fully straightened state, while the weft yarn has a large buckling; Figure 4-5(c) shows that the weft yarn is in a completely straightened state, while the warp yarn has a large buckling. These two structural states are extreme states of the mutual configuration relationship between warp and weft yarns in the fabric, and do not exist in actual fabrics. In fact, the geometric structure of various fabrics must be between two extreme states, as shown in Figure 4-5(b). Based on this changing relationship between warp and weft yarn buckling wave heights, after research, an important rule has been obtained: the sum of the warp and weft yarn buckling wave heights in the fabric always remains a constant, and is always equal to the sum of the warp and weft yarn diameters. This is an important property in fabric geometry, i.e.
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