Elements of Color
Fabric products not only solve people’s low life requirements such as keeping warm from the cold, covering the body, etc. It also needs to meet people’s psychological needs, that is, the role of beautification and decoration – to solve the spiritual “beauty”. In particular, coordinated pieces of color and pattern are essential elements of natural beauty. This chapter focuses on the design of colors and patterns, so that readers can have some basic knowledge and understanding of color and pattern design. All colors have three major attributes – hue, purity, and brightness. In color science, it is also called the three elements of color. Being familiar with and mastering the three elements of color is extremely important for understanding and expressing color. Any change in any of the three elements will affect the appearance of the original color. It can be represented by color symbols of hue, lightness, and purity. For example, red 5/6 is a red coffee color with medium lightness and medium purity. (1) Hue Hue is the major characteristic of color, which refers to the name that can more accurately describe the color of a fruit species. The hue is determined by the wavelength, such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, etc. Generally, the pure color on the hue circle shall prevail. Usually the hue circle consists of 12 colors, 20 colors, 24 colors, 40 colors and other hues. (2) Purity Purity is also called chroma, saturation, vividness, grayscale, etc. Purity refers to the purity of a color. That is, the color contains a certain degree of pure color. The higher the purity, the purer the color. On the contrary, the color purity is lower. It can be seen that the various single colors in the complete spectrum have ultimate purity and are pure colors. When black, white, or other colors are added to a color, the purity changes. The more other colors added, the lower the purity. (3) Brightness: Brightness is also called completeness and depth. Value refers to the brightness of a color, which is determined by the amplitude of the color wave. Because the amplitudes of the completed waves of various colors are different in size, the lightness and darkness of the colors are divided into strong and weak. There are two situations in the brightness of color: one is the brightness of the same hue, which will change differently depending on the strength of the source. When the same hue is mixed with different proportions of black or white, the brightness will also change. The second case is that the brightness of various hues is different, and each pure color has its corresponding brightness. In color science, the difference between black and white is often used as a reference. The Munsell color system in the United States adopts level 11 as a research reference, with black as level 0 and white as level 10. Yellow has high brightness, blue-violet has low brightness, and red and green have medium brightness. Changes in the brightness of a color will affect the intensity of the purity. Adding white to a certain solid color will increase the brightness, and adding black will decrease the brightness. Both will cause the purity of the hue to decrease. The three elements of color exist at the same time and are an inseparable whole in specific applications, and must be considered at the same time.
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