Interpretation of weaving defects in woven fabrics

Appearance: In the wool of knitted fabrics, horizontally continuous loops are woven from thicker or finer yarns. Most of them are single roots, but occasionally there are multiple roots side by side or spaced apart. The density, thickness and thickness are different from normal ones.

Cause: When weaving knitted fabrics, the operator mistakenly used yarn with non-specified count or denier specifications for weaving. If you misuse finer yarn, the fabric will appear thin. If you misuse thicker yarn, the fabric will appear dense and thick.

(2) Wrong End

Appearance: The warp of the woven fabric has a single warp or several parallel warps of non-specified thickness. If it is a thinner yarn, it is called FineEnd. If it is a thicker yarn, it is called Coarse End.

Cause: During warping, the number of bobbin yarns used to draw the warp is wrong, and warp yarns of non-specified specifications are used. This kind of defect is often a complete match.

(3) Wrong Pick

Appearance: The weft of woven fabrics has one or more consecutive wefts of non-specified thickness. If it is a finer yarn, it is called Fine Pick. If it is a thicker yarn, it is called coarse pick.

Cause: During weaving, the weft yarn in the weft tube or the yarn count of the package fed into the shuttleless loom is wrong, and weft yarn of non-specified specifications is used. After the operator discovers it, he often shuts down the machine and dismantles it. However, on looms with automatic tube changing, it is often difficult to detect.

(4) Wrong Weaving

Appearance: The weave is wrong and the texture of the cloth is different from the original designer. For example, left twill weaves into right twill, etc.

Cause: Generally caused by errors in harness threading. Others include errors in the pattern of jacquard fabrics, errors in the arrangement of warp yarns in multi-standard warp fabrics, etc.

(5)Wrong Draw

Appearance: Two adjacent warp yarns are brought together and woven into the cloth as one according to the fabric structure. Looking at it, the yarn (actually two yarns) looks very thick. Such defects are all integral. If they are discovered when the warp beam is first weaved, and one of the parallel beams is removed, it can be completely avoided.

Causes: 1). When warping and pulling yarns, two yarns are ignored as one. 2). After sizing, the yarns are not clearly separated, and the two yarns are stuck together and look like the same yarn. 3). When threading heddles, two heddles are threaded into the same heddle.

(6)Mispick

Appearance: Two weft yarns are woven into the same fabric mouth, and occasionally there are three or more weft yarns. The length of the weft varies, with the full effective width of the fabric being more common and the weft being approximately 10 cm from the two edges of the fabric.

Causes: 1). The long and parallel weft of the fabric was due to the failure to check the fabric hem and start the machine after shutting down the machine to troubleshoot the fault. Or the weft finder needle fails and the weft breakage does not stop automatically.
2). For parallel wefts that are not full length, the length of the warp yarn is not enough, the edge shear setting is improper or not sharp enough, and the yarn tail is not removed after weft breakage.

(7) Set Mark, Fine)

Appearance: The density of weft yarn arrangement on the cloth is less than specified. The weft yarn woven into a section along the length of the fabric gradually becomes thinner from the normal density, and then gradually returns to the original density from thinner, forming a sparse cloth surface of equal width and narrowness.

Causes: 1). The weft probe needle failed and continued to feed the warp without weft yarn. 2). Improper control of warp tension during weaving. 3). The warp tension is adjusted too tightly before stopping the machine and starting the machine again.

(8) Secret Road (Set Mark, Coarse)

Appearance: The density of weft yarn arrangement on the cloth is denser than the regulations. The weft yarn woven into a section along the length of the fabric gradually becomes denser from normal density, and then from dense to dense.It is clamped in the middle, thus cutting off a lot of warp yarns. It is mostly caused by poor shuttle structure and obstruction of shuttle picking and opening. The shuttleless looms currently in use can avoid such defects.

(18) Square Eyes (Reedness)

Appearance: Two opposing warp yarns are squeezed together, and the gap between the two left and right yarns increases, forming a small square grid like a checkerboard with the weft yarns.

Causes: 1). The opening angle of the cloth mouth during weaving is too large. 2). The difference in warp tension between the upper and lower layers is too large. 3). The density of the reed teeth is uneven.

(19)Yarn Tail

Appearance: On the cloth or at the edges, there are residual yarn ends protruding from the cloth.

Cause: The warp or weft is broken, and the yarn tail is not cut off after splicing. Or the edge shear of the loom failed and the yarn tail after weft change was not cut off.

(20) Knot

Appearance: There are thick and large balls tightly knotted on the cloth.

Cause: The warp or weft yarns are broken and then joined together. The knot is too big and protrudes from the cloth surface.

(21)Float

Appearance: The warp or weft yarns are not woven according to the specified organization and float on the surface of the cloth.

Cause: The opening angle of the fabric fell is too small, or the healds are unevenly suspended, and a small number of warp yarns are very loose.

(22)Spider Web

Appearance: The warp or weft yarns that are aligned with each other produce continuous yarn jumps in the same position, so that the fabric in one part has no intersecting points and forms a mesh.

Cause: Same as jump yarn, only more serious.

(23)Weaving Hole

Appearance: The warp and weft yarns of the gray cloth are broken, forming holes of different sizes. This kind of defect is likely to occur in fabrics with dense warp and weft.

Cause: The friction of the shuttle and the gripping of the hook by the licker-in will cause the warp and weft to break. In addition, the rolling of the shuttle can also cause the warp to break. (24)Slack End

Appearance: A warp woven into the cloth has an upward arching phenomenon at its intersection point, which is more convex and concave than normal. Generally, it is called the rib station in factories.

Cause: The tension on a single warp yarn is small when weaving, or the warp yarn is too loose after joining the warp yarns.

(25)Slack Filing

Appearance: A weft yarn woven into the cloth, at its intersection point, is more protruding from the cloth surface than normal, with an upward arching phenomenon. Generally not obvious.

Cause: A single weft yarn experiences less tension during weaving.

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