What are the methods for testing the flame retardant effect of fabric flame retardants?

Fire retardant agent for fabrics The commonly used method for measuring the fire retardant effect after finishing is based on the placement of the fabric sample, which can be divided into vertical method, horizontal method, and 45-degree tilt method.

1. Vertical method

This test method stipulates that the sample is placed vertically (the length direction of the sample is perpendicular to the horizontal line), the combustion source is ignited below the sample, and the minimum ignition time, flame spread speed, carbonization area, carbonization length and other indicators of the sample are measured. Suitable for testing the fire resistance of fire-resistant woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, PU coated products, laminated products, etc. Reference standard (GB/T5455- 1997 Fabrics – Combustion Performance Test – Vertical Method.

Related standards

BS EN ISO 6940 Burning properties of cloth fabrics: Determination of flammability of vertical specimens.

BS EN ISO 6941 Fabric burning properties: Determination of flame spread on vertical specimens.

GB/T5456-1997 Test on combustion performance of fabrics, determination of flame spread of vertical specimens.

JIS L1091—1999 Fabric product combustion performance test, A-4 method.

2. Horizontal method

The horizontal method is also called the tablet method. This method is used for floor coverings. The sample is placed horizontally. It mainly measures the burning speed of fabrics in the horizontal direction under specified conditions, that is, the reactivity of materials or compositions to heat and flame, with reference to standard GB 11049-1989.

The conditioned sample is placed on the bottom plate of the test chamber, press the metal cabinet with four sides aligned with the sample, place a piece of hexamethylenetetramine flat in the center of the sample, ignite the tablet and start timing. When the flame is ignited Or any spreading flame burns until it is extinguished, or allows flaming or flameless combustion to spread to any edge of the hole in the metal frame pressure plate, the test will be terminated and the timing will stop. Use a steel ruler to measure the maximum distance from the center of the specimen to the edge of the damaged area, and calculate the flame spread time.

Related standards

ISO 139 Standard atmosphere for humidity conditioning and testing of fabrics.

The FZ/T01028 sample is placed horizontally, ignited at the edge of the sample, and the flame spread speed is measured.

JIS L1091 Test on the combustion performance of fabrics. The A-3 method is used to place the sample horizontally, ignite it below the center of the sample, and measure the carbonization area of the sample.

3. 45 degree tilt method

This test method requires the sample to be placed at an inclination of 45 degrees (the length of the sample is at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal).

GB/T14644 Burning properties of cloth fabrics: Determination of burning speed in 45 degree direction. Used to measure the intensity and speed of burning of flammable fabrics once ignited when worn.

GB/T14645 Fabric burning performance: Determination of damage area and number of flame contact in 45 degree direction. There are two methods: A and B. Method A stipulates that the lower surface of the sample is ignited, and the afterburning time, smoldering time, damage length and carbonization area of the sample after burning are measured; The number of flames applied to the molten burning fabric.

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